Minggu, 18 Februari 2018

Jernihkan Limbah Pewarna Dengan Jamur

Tim dosen Institut Teknologi Bandung menjadikan jamur kayu sebagai pengolah limbah pewarna batik yang ramah lingkungan. Selain menjernihkan kembali air limbah tersebut, riset terbarunya itu menghasilkan buangan limbah yang sesuai standar baku mutu.

Inovasi yang dilakukan para akademikus ITB itu ikut tampil dalam pameran penelitian peringatan Dies Natalies ke-57 Institut Teknologi Bandung di Aula Timur pada 2-5 Maret 2016.

Cairan berwarna biru tua menetes dari botol infus ke sebuah kotak transparan berisi bagian jamur kayu yang berbentuk seperti kapas atau micelia. Cairan berpewarna tekstil itu selanjutnya keluar dari pipa pada bagian bawah kotak berupa cairan bening.

Jernihnya tak seperti air minum, melainkan agak kehijauan muda seperti air lumut. “Analisis awal, air itu masuk standar baku mutu yang bisa dibuang ke perairan atau diolah kembali menjadi air baku,” kata ketua tim riset tersebut, Sri Harjati Suhardi, kepada Tempo, Minggu, 6 Maret 2016.

Mekanisme pengolahan limbah pewarna batik itu sesederhana model instalasi pada pameran tersebut. Menurut Sri, ia menargetkan inovasi itu untuk pembuat batik skala kecil dan menengah. “Karena itu, harus tidak ribet (sulit), murah, dan bahannya mudah didapat,” ujar dosen mikrobiologi Sekolah Ilmu dan Teknologi Hayati berusia 52 tahun itu.

Dari hasil riset sebelumnya, juga peneliti lain di luar negeri, jamur kayu (Ganoderma applanatum) punya kemampuan menguraikan batang kayu yang keras atau lignin. Jamur itu juga bisa dipakai untuk memutihkan kertas.


“Prinsipnya, jamur kayu itu bekerja memotong-motong struktur kimia. Kimia pewarna tekstil dan ada kesamaan dengan lignin,” tutur Sri. Hasil penguraian senyawa limbah cairan pewarna batik itu kemudian menjadi air bening agak kehijauan.

Menurut Sri, limbah yang bisa diuraikan itu mencakup semua warna yang dipakai untuk membatik, seperti merah, biru, hijau, dan cokelat, dengan beragam variasi warna. Pengolahan itu tidak satu per satu warna, melainkan bisa dalam kondisi tercampur.

Berdasarkan taksirannya, proses pengolahan limbah dengan jamur kayu itu bisa tuntas cepat. “Dengan limbah batik usaha kecil yang sekitar 5 meter kubik per minggu, waktunya tidak sampai satu jam,” ucapnya.

Riset tersebut melibatkan para dosen dan mahasiswa dari Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan, Biokimia, Teknik Kimia, dan Sekolah Ilmu dan Teknologi Hayati ITB.

Sumber: https://nasional.tempo.co/read/751321/tim-dosen-itb-jernihkan-limbah-pewarna-dengan-jamur

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